![]() Thus, when the air current streams into the bag, all the air moves on through the material, but the dirt and debris collect in the bag. The tiny holes in the bag are large enough to let air particles pass by, but too small for most dirt particles to fit through. These bags are made of porous woven material (typically cloth or paper), which acts as an air filter. Some vacuum designs also have rotating brushes at the intake port, which kick dust and dirt loose from the carpet so it can be picked up by the air stream.Īs the dirt-filled air makes its way to the exhaust port, it passes through the vacuum-cleaner bag. This is the same principle that causes leaves and other debris to float down a stream. The moving air particles rub against any loose dust or debris as they move, and if the debris is light enough and the suction is strong enough, the friction carries the material through the inside of the vacuum cleaner. ![]() This stream of air acts just like a stream of water. In the last section, we saw that the suction created by a vacuum cleaner's rotating fan creates a flowing stream of air moving through the intake port and out the exhaust port. The brushes may be rotated by the vacuum's motor or simply by the rushing air. Upright vacuum cleaners usually have rotating brushes on the bottom to knock dirt loose from your carpet. But how does a flowing stream of air collect the dirt and debris from your carpet? The key principle is friction. The ambient air pushes itself into the vacuum cleaner through the intake port because the air pressure inside the vacuum cleaner is lower than the pressure outside.Īs long as the fan is running and the passageway through the vacuum cleaner remains open, there is a constant stream of air moving through the intake port and out the exhaust port. This creates suction, a partial vacuum, inside the vacuum cleaner. The pressure level in the area behind the fan drops below the pressure level outside the vacuum cleaner (the ambient air pressure). This pressure drop behind the fan is just like the pressure drop in the straw when you sip from your drink. When air particles are driven forward, the density of particles (and therefore the air pressure) increases in front of the fan and decreases behind the fan.As the fan blades turn, they force air forward, toward the exhaust port (check out How Airplanes Work to find out what causes this).The motor is attached to the fan, which has angled blades (like an airplane propeller). The electric current operates the motor.
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